Movie
movies are produced by recording actual people
and objects with cameras, or by creating them
using animation techniques and/or special effects.
They comprise a series of individual frames,
but when these images are shown rapidly in succession,
the illusion of motion is given to the viewer.
Flickering between frames is not seen due to
an effect known as persistence of vision — whereby
the eye retains a visual image for a fraction
of a second after the source has been removed.
Also of relevance is what causes the perception
of motion; a psychological effect identified
as beta movement.
movie is considered by many to be an important
art form; movies entertain, educate, enlighten
and inspire audiences. The visual elements of
cinema need no translation, giving the motion
picture a universal power of communication.
Any movie can become a worldwide attraction,
especially with the addition of dubbing or subtitles
that translate the dialogue. movies are also
artifacts created by specific cultures, which
reflect those cultures, and, in turn, affect
them.
History of movie
Main article: History of movie
Mechanisms for producing artificially created,
two-dimensional images in motion were demonstrated
as early as the 1860s, with devices such as
the zoetrope and the praxinoscope. These machines
were outgrowths of simple optical devices (such
as magic lanterns), and would display sequences
of still pictures at sufficient speed for the
images on the pictures to appear to be moving,
a phenomenon called persistence of vision. Naturally,
the images needed to be carefully designed to
achieve the desired effect — and the underlying
principle became the basis for the development
of movie animation.
With the development of celluloid movie for
still photography, it became possible to directly
capture objects in motion in real time. Early
versions of the technology sometimes required
the viewer to look into a special device to
see the pictures. By the 1880s, the development
of the motion picture camera allowed the individual
component images to be captured and stored on
a single reel, and led quickly to the development
of a motion picture projector to shine light
through the processed and printed movie and magnify
these "moving picture shows" onto
a screen for an entire audience. These reels,
so exhibited, came to be known as "motion
pictures". Early motion pictures were static
shots that showed an event or action with no
editing or other cinematic techniques.
A shot from Georges Méliès' Le Voyage dans la
Lune (A Trip to the Moon) (1902), an early narrative
movie.Motion pictures were purely visual art
up to the late 1920s, but these innovative silent
movies had gained a hold on the public imagination.
Around the turn of the 20th Century, movies began
developing a narrative structure. movies began
stringing scenes together to tell narratives.
The scenes were later broken up into multiple
shots of varying sizes and angles. Other techniques
such as camera movement were realized as effective
ways to portray a story on movie. Rather than
leave the audience in silence, theater owners
would hire a pianist or organist or a full orchestra
to play music fitting the mood of the movie at
any given moment. By the early 1920s, most movies
came with a prepared list of sheet music for
this purposes, with complete movie scores being
composed for major productions.
The rise of European cinema was interrupted
by the breakout of World War I while the movie
industry in United States flourished with the
rise of Hollywood. However in the 1920s, European
moviemakers such as Sergei Eisenstein and F.
W. Murnau continued to advance the medium. In
the 1920s, new technology allowed moviemakers
to attach to each movie a soundtrack of speech,
music and sound effects synchronized with the
action on the screen. These sound movies were
initially distinguished by calling them "talking
pictures", or talkies.
The next major step in the development of cinema
was the introduction of color. While the addition
of sound quickly eclipsed silent movie and theater
musicians, color was adopted more gradually.
The public was relatively indifferent to color
photography as opposed to black-and-white. But
as color processes improved and became as affordable
as black-and-white movie, more and more movies
were movieed in color after the end of World
War II, as the industry in America came to view
color an essential to attracting audiences in
its competition with television, which remained
a black-and-white medium until the mid-1960s.
By the end of the 1960s, color had become the
norm for movie makers.
The 1950s, 1960s and 1970s saw changes in the
production and style of movie. New Hollywood,
French New Wave and the rise of movie school
educated, independent movie makers were all
part of the changes the medium experienced in
the latter half of the 20th Century. Digital
technology has been the driving force in change
throughout the 1990s and into the 21st Century.
This
article is licensed under the
GNU Free Documentation License.
It uses material from the
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/movie
